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تارﺎﻴﺧ
ﺮﺘﺧا ،ﻒﺗﺎﻬﻟا ةﺮﻛاذ ﻲﻓ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻢﺳا ﻆﻔﺤﻟ .ﻞﺳﺮﻤﻟا
ﺺﺨﺸﻟا
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٣٥
ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺮﻟا لﺎﺳرإ
ﺔﺛدﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟا
.
لﺎﺳرإ
ﺮﺘﺧا ﻢﺛ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺐﺘﻛا ،ﺎﻬﺋﺪﺑ وأ ﺔﻳرﻮﻓ ﻞﺋﺎﺳر ﺔﺴﻠﺟ ﻰﻟإ مﺎﻤﻀﻧﻼﻟ
ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟا ﺔﺛدﺎﺤﻤﻟﺎﺑ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺛدﺎﺤﻣ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻟﺎﺳر ﺖﻤﻠﺘﺳا اذإ
.ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ ﺔﻤﻐﻧ راﺪﺻﺈﺑ ﻒﺗﺎﻬﻟا مﻮﻘﻳو ،
ضﺮﻋ
ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ دﺮﻟا ضﺮﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ضﺮﻋ ﻢﺘﻳ .
لﺎﺳرإ
ﺮﺘﺧا ﻢﺛ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺐﺘﻛا
.ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﻞﻔﺳﺄﺑ
IM ءﺎﻤﺳأ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ
ﺮﺘﺧا ،ﺔﻳرﻮﻔﻟا ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺮﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ،IM ﺔﻳرﻮﻔﻟا ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺑ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺑ
وأ
ًﺎﻳوﺪﻳ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﻟا لﺎﺧدإ
وأ ،
ﻒﺗﺎﻬﻟا ﻢﻗر ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
<
ﺺﺨﺷ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ
<
تارﺎﻴﺧ
.(ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟا دوﺰﻤﻟ ﺎًﻘﻓو)
ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺦﺴﻧ
وأ
ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
.
ﺔﺷدرد
ﺮﺘﺧا ،ﺔﺛدﺎﺤﻣ ءﺪﺒﻟ .ﻢﺳﻻا ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻘﺘﻧا
ﺎﻫﺮﻈﺣ ءﺎﻐﻟإوأ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺮﻈﺣ
.
ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﺮﻈﺣ
<